\documentclass[fontsize=12pt,paper=a4]{scrartcl}
\usepackage{pgfplots,filecontents}
\pgfplotsset{compat=newest}
\usepgfplotslibrary{dateplot}
\usepackage{tikzscale}
\begin{filecontents}{external-debt.csv}
Quarter,Monetary authorities Short-term debt,General government,General government Short-term debt,General government Long-term debt,Deposit money banks Short-term debt,Deposit money banks Long-term debt,Other sectors,Direct investment,Total external debt,Total external debt-Direct investment,External debt position to GDP-ratio
2000-01-01,9594,131965,13816,118149,50818,133295,203488,13658,542818,13658,82.6
2000-04-01,13562,140222,18081,122141,78429,224328,149843,12981,619365,12981,92.6
2013-10-01,29439,556918,0,556918,125319,21850,10079872,1372697,12328310,1372697,613.3
2014-01-01,26667,514831,0,514831,129525,26652,9921453,1337141,12095886,1337141,592.3
\end{filecontents}
\begin{filecontents}{external-debt.tikz}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\sffamily
\begin{axis}[
date ZERO=2000-01-01,
date coordinates in=x,
no marks,
width=15cm,height=8cm,
enlargelimits=false,
xticklabel={\tiny\year},
xtick={2000-1-1,2001-01-01,2002-01-01,2003-01-01,2004-01-01,2005-01-01,2006-01-01,2007-01-01,2008-01-01,2009-01-01,2010-01-01,2011-01-01,2012-01-01,2013-01-01,2014-01-01},
xtick pos=left,
xtick align=outside,
ymin=0,ymax=16 000 000,
% assume math mode: nicht überprüfen ob der Mathemodus an ist
% int detect: keine Nachkommastellen für ganze Zahlen anzeigen
% 1000 sep={\,}: Kleiner Abstand zwischen 3er-Kolonnen
yticklabel={\pgfmathprintnumber[assume math mode,int detect,1000 sep={\,}]{\tick}},
% y-Achse nicht skalieren, sondern die tatsächliche Zahl im \tick angeben
scaled y ticks=false,
ytick style={draw=none},
yticklabel pos=right,
ymajorgrids=true,
legend style={
draw=none,
legend cell align=left,
%at={(0.00,1.4)},
at={(1.15,1.05)},