\documentclass{article}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{arrows}
\usepackage{pgfplots}
\pgfplotsset{compat=newest}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[
width=13cm,
height=7cm,
at={(0,0)},
scale only axis,
axis y line*=left,
xmin=0,
xmax=140,
ymin=-2,
ymax=10,
xlabel style={font=\small},
xlabel={l},
ylabel style={font=\small},
ylabel={$z$},
axis background/.style={fill=white},
xmajorgrids,
ymajorgrids,
]
\addplot [color=red]
table[row sep=crcr]{
0 -0.808648568650824\\
140.01 9.1935736290271\\
};
\label{plot_one}
\end{axis}
\coordinate (v0) at (0,7);
\coordinate (v1) at (0,7.5);
\draw (v0) -- (v1);
\coordinate (v2) at ({60*13/140},7.5) {};
\draw[<->, >=stealth'] (v1) -- (v2) node[midway,yshift=-5mm, fill=white, right,rotate=90, font=\scriptsize] {Abschnitt1};
\coordinate (v3) at ({77.5*13/140},7.5);
\draw[<->, >=stealth'] (v3) --(v2) node[midway,yshift=-5mm, fill=white,right ,rotate=90, font=\scriptsize] {Abschnitt2};
Benutze den Stil
y tick scale label style
, den Du im Abschnitt 4.18.1 "All Supported Styles" der Dokumentation vonpgfplots
findest.