(absolute bzw. relative) Positionierung von Objekten

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\documentclass{scrartcl}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usetikzlibrary{calc,intersections}
\begin{document}
\begin{table}
\begin{tikzpicture}[every node/.append style={minimum width=1cm, minimum height=1cm}]
% Eckpunkte
\node (1) at (17,16)    {1};
\node (2) at (1,16)     {2};
\node (3) at (2,0)      {3};
\node (4) at (9,0)      {4};
\def \s{8} % Zwischenspaltenanzahl (Senkrechten)
\def \w{6} % Zwischenzeilenanzahl (Waagerechten)
% Gitterpunkte der oberen und unteren Seite:
\foreach \n in {1, ..., \s}
{
  \node (O\n) at ($ (1) !.{(1 / (\s + 1)) * \n}! (2) $) {O\n}; 
  \node (U\n) at ($ (4) !.{(1 / (\s + 1)) * \n}! (3) $) {U\n};
}
% Gitterpunkte der linken und rechten Seite: 
\foreach \n in {1, ..., \w}
{
  \node (L\n) at ($ (2) !.{(1 / (\w + 1)) * \n}! (3) $) {L\n}; 
  \node (R\n) at ($ (1) !.{(1 / (\w + 1)) * \n}! (4) $) {R\n};
}
% Festlegung senkrechter und waagerechter Reihen: 
\foreach \n in {1, ..., \s}
  \path [name path global/.expanded=O\n--U\n] (O\n) -- (U\n);
\foreach \n in {1, ..., \w}
  \path [name path global/.expanded=L\n--R\n] (L\n) -- (R\n);
% Schnittpunkte der senkrechen mit den waagerechten Reihen als neue Gitterpunkte:  
\foreach \i in {1, ..., \w}
{
  \foreach \n in {1, ..., \s}
 
 
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