Wie kann ich Gleichungen, Abbildungen und Tabellen fortlaufend nummerieren?

Das kann man mit dem chngcntr-Paket und dem Befehl \counterwithout machen. Hier ein Beispiel für die Gleichungen, für Abbildungen und Tabellen entsprechend figure bzw. table statt equation angeben:

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\documentclass{book}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{chngcntr}
\counterwithout{equation}{chapter}
\begin{document}
\chapter{Eins}
\begin{equation}
  a + b
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
  c + d
\end{equation}
\chapter{Zwei}
\begin{equation}
  e + f
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
  g + h
\end{equation}
\end{document}
 
 
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